A Rainy Day On September 1st - 1031 Words

â€Å"Who would have ever thought, a rainy day on September 1st., technically it’s still summer and I’m trying to enjoy my last few days of no school, fun and sunshine, and Mother Nature is putting a dent in my program, but I guess two out of three isn’t too bad plus my dad always said look on the bright side of things, so that’s what I was trying to do. AS I continued to walk to the store I stop letting the rain annoy me and started to embrace my father words as I took a look at my neighborhood and realize that I was that much closer to graduating college with my AA degree in Psychology and look forward to joining the workforce and getting out of this horrible mini war zone. I live in South Central Los Angeles on 42nd and Hooper which is†¦show more content†¦apartment buildings. â€Å"What up B.J† â€Å"What’s going on over there homey?† â€Å"What up young Rick!† â€Å"You haven’t heard?† â€Å"Damonte little brother J.Shawn got shot and killed by the police last night†. â€Å"What† â€Å"that’s fucked up, what happen?† â€Å"They say that J.Shawn was walking down the street drunk with a forty ounce bottle in his hand and the police tried to stop and question him and J.Shawn tried to leave and they shot him.† â€Å"Damn that’s fucked up, he must lunge at them or threw a punch or something for them to just shoot him like that?† â€Å"No bro, they say he didn’t do anything, what supposed had happen was when they confronted J.Shawn they was standing in front of J.Shawn and when J.Shawn turned to leave they say they feared for their lives because of the way he was holding the forty bottle†,† they say it was used as a weapon.† â€Å"The homey Blu ebird was on the block parked with that head monster KeKe and he recorded it on his phone. â€Å"Damonte, Bluebird and Damonte wife just went down to the news station to get the media involved and they got a lawyer already.† â€Å"Yea shit the police been killing brothers all over the country at alarming rates this is getting crazy.† â€Å"Shit young Rick you know how we do

War Has Affected My View Of War - 1426 Words

Literature of War has affected my view of war considerably by facilitating a more in-depth study of war. In this class we have looked at everything from the fear of running from battle in the Civil War, to the weight of the equipment soldiers carried in Vietnam, but the one thing that has remained constant is war’s impact on the humanity of the soldiers. War is an ancient concept that has bloodied history since the beginning of civilization. Even with the changes to the ways in which wars are fought, technologically and otherwise, the effect on soldiers is a constant. This can be seen when one looks at the camaraderie of soldiers, how they look at death, and the burdens that soldiers carry. The camaraderie of the soldiers is unlike†¦show more content†¦Like most families, the soldiers do not always get along. Their bond is like that of siblings, they fight and argue, but when things get tough they have each other’s back. As Sargent Baker described, â€Å"you know, we might argue with each other there might be people in our unit that we might not get along with and stuff. But when it comes, you know, time for that, you know that stuff doesn’t matter anymore.† (Sargent Baker) The attachment that soldiers create is strong and long lasting, but it is made with the knowledge that it could be forcibly ended at any time. That which creates this special bond also creates an inherent flaw in the bond. The soldiers create a relationship that it is based predominantly on shared experiences in the most savage of circumstances. They are very close as long as they stay together, support each other, and continue to build on their shared experiences. However, if they are separated and no longer there to support each other through such stressful times, there is nothing else in their relationship to keep them together, and their relationship will become stagnate if not fade. This weakness in the relationship actually enables the soldiers to cope with losing a comrade and being separated from their unit. O’Brien describes this very well when he said, â€Å"I felt close to them, yes, but I also felt a new sense of separation. My fatigues were starched; I had a neat haircut and the clean, sterile

Faculty Interview Free Essays

Faculty Interview Kathleen Fargo University of Phoenix Role of the Health Care/Nursing Educator HSN/548 Denise York November 26, 2012 Faculty Interview Changes are occurring in the health care arena today. With changes in legislation regarding health care regulation and the mandatory health care there is an increase in the already shortage of nurses. With the shortage of nurses come the requirements for an increased need for nursing educators. We will write a custom essay sample on Faculty Interview or any similar topic only for you Order Now Responsibilities of the nurse educator extend beyond teaching the student. Educators must shift the emphasis for the result of learning with retention of knowledge. The purpose of this paper is to focus on the role of a current nursing educator presently employed in a state college in Oklahoma. C. B. is currently an Associate Professor at Seminole State College (SSC) in Oklahoma. Her first position in teaching was as a registered nurse with an associate degree in nursing at a technology school as an educator for the school of practical nursing. She obtained a bachelor’s of science in nursing, was promoted to coordinator of the program. C. B. as obtained a master’s of science in nursing and has been employed at SSC for three years. SSC offers a cooperative alliance nursing program, a bridge program for licensed practical nurses to obtain an associate degree in nursing. SSC is a two-year college working in conjunction with two technological schools in the area to provide a bridge program from the technological school’s practical nursing p rogram to the associate degree in nursing program. Today’s colleges and universities are faced with changing issues related to education and the health science program. According to Billings and Halsted (2009), driving forces for the changes include â€Å"increasing multiculturalism of society, finite financial resources in education and health care, expanding technology and the accompanying knowledge explosion†¦ and the increasing public demand for accountability of educational outcomes† (p. 3). Nursing programs must increase the demand for nurses by increasing the number of graduates. Fewer educators are available to teach the increasing number of nursing students. As full-time faculty leaves the institution, colleges and universities are forced to fill the positions with adjunct faculty because of budget constraints. â€Å"Many accrediting agencies require a percentage of full-time faculty and specific targets for faculty with terminal degrees in the disciplines in which they teach† (Stenerson, Blanchard, Fassiotto, Hernandez, Muth, 2010, p. 25). Accreditation can also depend on the faculty responsibility for the university or colleges ability to â€Å"demonstrate faculty responsibility for the curriculum and faculty perspectives in the process of shared governance† (Ibid). C. B. is assigned to the bridge program as the technology school where she was formerly employed is one of the practical nursing programs where she was the coordinator. She is familiar with the programs and is able to provide out of classroom support. C. B. is required to be a member of the committee where updating of the clinical classes occurs. Adjunct faculty who have been at the state college for more than a year are encouraged to participate in committees. Textbooks are decided on in the committee. If the adjunct faculty prefers not to participate in the curricula committee meetings their input is welcome regarding the text selections and curricula planning. The adjunct faculty presently employed at SSC have clinical experience and are familiar with the clinical sites for the students. Full-time faculty is encouraged to obtain a PhD although it is not required. Full-time educators are also assigned two to three adjunct faculty to mentor if the part-time faculty has been employed by the college for less than one year. The associate professor is responsible, with the program director, in evaluating the adjunct nursing educators mentored. Whether full-time or an adjunct professor, each nurse educator has a responsibility to uphold the mission of the institution by mentoring, teaching critical thinking skills, being a positive role model, and practices ethical conduct. Nursing programs must be maintained to remain current. With informatics as a newer field in nursing, along with computers, and rapid changes in technology, practicing and teaching have changed. Additional fields in health care include genomics, cloning, organ transplants, and a potential for pandemics, all which must be included in the nursing curricula in addition to the already existent fundamentals of nursing (Rosenkoetter Mistead, 2010). In Seminole, Oklahoma the main three minorities include native Americans, Latinos, and African-Americans. SSC is a multicultural college and the cultures are taken into account for the method s taught in the classes. Beliefs and customs are treated with respect nonjudgmentally. Family nursing is addressed in the clinical classes as students are educating families and the patient on the final diagnosis. Community involvement is strongly recommended for full-time faculty and required of tenured professors. Tenured professors are required to participate in research committees. As classes are phased out tenured professors may have their position eliminated although elimination of positions has not been an issue for SCC’s nursing program. Vacant positions arise as nursing educators acquire a PhD and move to a higher university. Today’s nurse educator has a difficult job. The educator must take the responsibility of turning students into learners rather than the educator just teaching. Increased graduation rates is a must in the current nursing shortage that will extend for decades. The educator faces rapidly changing technology with the college or university’s limited budgets, larger student loads with a smaller faculty, multicultural classes, and different generations of students. C. B. ’s goal is to obtain her PhD eventually and transfer to a university. References Billings, D. M. , Halsted, J. A. (2009). Teaching in Nursing: A Guide for Faculty (3rd ed. . Philadelphia, PA: W. B. Saunders. Rosenkoetter, M. M. , Milstead, J. A. Nursing Ethics. Jan 2010, Vol. 17 Issue 1, p137-139. Retrieved from https://ehis. ebscohost. com/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer? vid=2hid=124sid=0bd9c94c-3d04-4761-9781-b7aa77ff8179%40sessionmgr14 Stenerson, J. , Blanchard, L. , Fassiotto, M. , Hernandez, M. , Muth, A. (2010, Summer). The role of adjuncts in the prof essoriate. Peer Review, 12(3), 23-26. Retrieved from https://search. ebscohost. com/login. aspx? direct=truedb=ehhAN=54710247site=eds-livetf How to cite Faculty Interview, Essay examples

Concept of Approach Would Useful When Organizations-Free Samples

Question: Discuss HowContingency Factors Of Organisational Design Are At Work In The Case Of Zappos? Answer: Introducation: In the article, author explained that concept of holacracy and the need of holacracy. author explained that the new and innovative companies in the Silicon Valley wants to shift from traditional approach of leadership to a flat approach. The latest management trend to sweep Silicon Valley requires CEOs to formally relinquish their authority and grants special protection for every employee to experiment with ideas. It's called holacracy and big name tech leaders have jumped on the bandwagon. Author argued that holacracy is an important driver of innovation. The holacracy approach advocates that people should not be managed by anyone in the organization and people should be set free to think, only then they can come up with best ideas and innovations. It was Zapposs plan to have a holacracy structure in the organization. The focus on this approach has helped Zappos to emerge as a flexible organization (Ferenstein, 2014). This approach can work best only when organization have an agile and open culture in place. The holacracy approach also acts as a platform for innovation. In the article, author suggested that the innovative companies should follow the path of Zappos to use holacracy approach. Application of key learning The concept of holacracy approach would be useful when organizations have to focus on innovation. The learning from this week activity could be applied to Google Inc. When it comes to innovation and creativity, Google is one of the best company in the world. The learning from this week activity would suggest that Google should remove the vertical hierarchy in its structure or it should at least reduce the vertical hierarchies. It would ensure that people or employees are able to speak up their mind. It would ensure that Google is able to continue its innovation across different projects. It is also important to mention that Google can not shift its focus on holacracy approach in a short period of time. In fact, a systematic plan and an integrated approach would be required to practice holacracy. It is important that the leaders and managers of Google must communicate the drivers and objective of holacracy approach to its employees and other stakeholders. The shift from current organi zational structure to holacracy approach would require certain changes in the organization and the leaders of the organization should be ready and willing to manage this change (Martins Rindova, 2015). However, it can be said that the shift to holacracy approach would be beneficial for the company in long term. Solomon Asch and Group Conformity In the video, author discusses the importance if decision making process. There could be various ways of decision making. Organizations and leaders can have an objective way of decision making or they can have a subjective way of decision making. In the video, author suggested that organizations and leaders should focus on objective style of decision making. The problem with subjective style of decision making is that different people can have different interpretation of the decision. The video explains an experiment in which subjects were asked to give their judgments. The video explains that the influence is a big thing when it comes to decision making. Individuals can ignore their knowledge and can stick to others view point while making any decision. In an organizational setting, it typically happens in the case of mid-level management. The mid-level managers may get easily influenced by the senior management and top leaders and as a result their decision can get influenced (Ford Richardson, 2013). It is important that the employees should not get their decision influenced by other stakeholders. The theory of influence is bound to work in large organizations where people work and function as per the set hierarchy. However, the focus of leaders should be to create a culture where the impact of influence due to hierarchy can be minimized. Application of key learning The learning from this activity could be applied to wide variety of organizations. Lets apply the learning to the case of Google Inc. In the current organizational structure, Google Inc. has a vertical hierarchy system. In the current eco-system, Google has various influencers in the organization. While, it is good to have influencers but the influence of the people should not hinder the decision-making skills of employees (Muller, 2014). It is suggested that Google should give freedom in the hands of employees so that they can come up with innovative solutions. At the same time, employees should be encouraged to think independently without the influence of other people. Conclusion The above paper discusses week four and week five learning activities. Based on above discussions it can be said that organizations must focus on innovation through a flat organizational culture. At the same time, it is important that leaders and employees should make decisions based on the combination of internal and external factors and they should not get carried away by the judgment of other people. References Air, O., Asch conformity experiments. 2012. Retrieved from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NyDDyT1lDhA (2nd May 2012) Ford, R.C. and Richardson, W.D., 2013. Ethical decision making: A review of the empirical literature. InCitation classics from the Journal of Business Ethics(pp. 19-44). Springer Netherlands. Ferenstein, G. Zappos just abolished bosses. Inside tech's latest management craze. 2014. Retrieved from: https://www.vox.com/2014/7/11/5876235/silicon-valleys-latest-management-craze-holacracy-explained (3rd May 2017) Martins, L.L., Rindova, V.P. and Greenbaum, B.E., 2015. Unlocking the hidden value of concepts: a cognitive approach to business model innovation.Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal,9(1), pp.99-117. Muller, R., 2014. Ethics and Governance in the Temporary Organization.Advancing Human Resource Project Management, pp.489-512.

The Natural Scenery Of The Journey Tourism Essay Essay Example

The Natural Scenery Of The Journey Tourism Essay Paper Ecotourism was first put frontward by the particular advisor of IUCN, H A · Ceballos Lascurain in1983. It was non merely refers to all the natural scenery of the journey, but besides emphasized that the scenery should non be lost. Ecotourism, as a new type of touristry has become a hot subject for argument. To understand nature, enjoy nature, protect nature and non destruct the ecological balance is really of import. Tourists in natural, reliable, perfect scenery can enlighten and sublimate the head. There are many different benefits and impacts from ecotourism if people use it as a tool to do money or do other things. Because of this, people should raise of public consciousness to protect it. We will write a custom essay sample on The Natural Scenery Of The Journey Tourism Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Natural Scenery Of The Journey Tourism Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Natural Scenery Of The Journey Tourism Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Further more, there are many plans aimed at advancing it, including universe organisations and local organisations. Ecotourism, responsible touristry, A jungle touristry and sustainable development have become prevailing constructs since the late eightiess, and ecotourism has experienced arguably the fastest growing of all sub-sectors in the touristry industry. The popularity represents a alteration in tourer perceptual experiences, increased environmental consciousness, and a desire to research natural environment ( Randall, A. 1987, 55 ) The country this study will concentrate on is Malaysia, which is one of the states in Southeast Asia. Malaysia s natural landscape lends itself rather of course to eco-tourism. Visitors are able to plunge themselves in the many rainforest militias and well-sign aged Parkss throughout the state. There is truly no better topographic point in the universe to see alien vegetations and zoologies in their pristine tropical environment, so up near and personal! ( About-Malaysia, n. vitamin D ) About 75 % of Malaysia s land country is still forest, and about 60 % of it that is origin rain forest. In one meeting, Malaysia promised to maintain more than 50 % rain forests in the universe. As one of the diverse states in the universe, Malaysia has at least 15000 species of flowers and 286 species of mammals, etc. In recent old ages, many developing states have used the foreign net incomes from the ecotourism to protect the rain forest. Ecotourism is going the 2nd of import industry for the Malayan economic system. It has been said that Malaysia additions RM655 million per twelvemonth from ecotourism. Even so, there is still more to be done. Peoples need to cognize its pros and cons, at the same clip ; people should hold greater consciousness of it. Body There are so many Parkss for people to hold out-of-door activities in rain forest. Main Parkss are: Gunung Kinabalu, Kuala Selangor Nature Park, Taman Negara Pahang, Endau-Rompin Gunung, Mulu National Park. Ecotourism is caused by the deterioration of environment and the environmental motion development. It besides needs public consciousness to maintain the nature balance. The rain forest in Malaysia is the oldest wood in the universe so that demand more careless and more notice. More people have no instruction, which causes them has no consciousness that protect the rain forest. It is reported that the degree of young person consciousness based on their educational background and cognition ( wcyf2009, n.d ) . As worlds, everybody should hold the responsibility to analyze good and value the ecology. Malaysia has decided to concentrate on ecotourism as the future way in touristry development in order to make greater consciousness among the universe community on the importance of conserving the natural and cultural heritage, Tourism Minister Leo Michael Toyad said in his written address in the concluding twenty-four hours of the International Media and Environment Summit ( IMES ) . ( R edorbit, Saturday, 3 December 2005, 09:00 CST ) which is claimed that authorities has already paid attending to the ecotourism that is incorporating rain forest. Rainforest belongs to everyone, but more and more rain forests are being destroyed by the people who are selfish. Harmonizing to the study, 80 % of the rain forests belong to the populace, but community, personal and corporate proprietor ship and direction in increasing. Therefore, they treat the rain forest random so that there are many rainforest fade off. On the other manus, some rain forest besides under the influence of natural forces, such as fire, drouth and storm. Even so, it can normally through the ecological system of residuary life and rapid sketch, which is different topographic point with semisynthetic devastation. To sum up, everyone should derive more consciousness about rain forest and do nature more beautiful. The rain forest in Malaysia is progressing society, economic system and environmental issues. It besides provides many new opportunities for the investing and employment so that more people have their ain wage and more companies have been run. Furthermore, the development of rain forest keeps the nature balance. Rainforest would derive visitants interesting and gratifying experiences every bit good as the chance to appreciate the natural environment and observation birds. The natural is really beautiful and pleasant to people s eyes. Peoples will experience relaxed when they hear the birds vocalizing and see the natural scenery. It non merely helps to dirty and biological growing, besides has the map of modulating clime. Rainforest helps Malaysia develop the economic system and raise financess. It appealed to more people s attending and travel to there to see the natural. ( See table 2 ) Comparison with 1986 to 1990, the plans of allotment has a important addition from 1991 to 1995, which is besides a ground for why so many visitants go to Malaysia. Rainforest is good for people healthy and can salvage more wildlife. it offers tourists a scope of activities in which they may prosecute to see and to the full appreciate the ecotourism experience such as caving, hike, jungle trekking, white H2O rafting, stone mounting, bird observation, plunging and river cruising. ( touristry, n. vitamin D ) Rainforest is a good topographic point for cultivating people s moral character. The tabular array i1i?†°is about the development allotment for touristry Under 50 and 60 Malaysia programs plans Fifth program ( 1986-1990 ) Sixth program ( 1991-1995 ) allotment outgo allotment Preservation of national/historical heritage 1.5 0.7 4.1 Tourist adjustment 2.0 0.0 171.7 Beautification and environmental protection 2.5 2.5 43.6 Cultural merchandise development 2.5 2.5 112.9 Facilities and substructure 79.2 76.7 157.4 other 52.8 49.7 7.2 entire 140.5 132.1 533.9 ( www.unescap.org.2010, Mohd Nawayai Yasak, n.d, 85 ) Although rain forest has big returns for Malaysia, it still confronting many negative impacts -including the people was enforced to go forth their places and their rights are violated. It besides causes many environmental jeopardies. Anything about ecotourism may impact the sustainable development of society. The system of it has fiscal and political influence. there is a tenseness in this relationship because eco-tourism frequently causes struggle and alterations in land-use rights, fails to present promises of community-level benefits, amendss environments, and has plentifulness of other societal impacts. ( no day of the month, wikipedia ) Ecotourism sometimes fail to acquire the end of environment protection. Although it survives for little groups, it besides causes many force per unit areas on the local environment and necessitate another investing for the base installing. If it has weak substructure, the H2O pollution and air pollution will no ways to work out so that ecotour ism besides leaves behind rubbish and pollution, Through the sustainable development of agribusiness save rain forest which is going a major issue in this universe. As people increased consciousness, more and more people arrival to Malaysia for a better life. Visitor s reachings have steadily increased from 1987 to 2007. ( See table 2 ) While advancing the natural attractive forces in the state to tourers, the Malayan Government besides realizes the importance of sustainable touristry and of equilibrating preservation and development. As such, the Ministry of Tourism, Malaysia, has adopted the National Ecotourism Plan ( NEP ) to supply policies and guidelines for the painstaking development of ecotourism.A A ( touristry, 200810. ) In Malaya, both local and authorities can set the engineering to the local people s agricultural undertakings to advancing the sustainable of rain forest. Through the agribusiness can avoid wholly destroy rain forest, the system of agribusiness and forestry can keep rainforest system, dirt and biologica l diverseness to a higher degree of ordinary agricultural engineering. The agribusiness engineering can be applied to larger rain forest and old ages of workss in yearly, at the same clip, the direction and cost may increase, the negative factors may countervail the income of variegation and maintain the map of rain forest. A The tablei2i?†° is about International Arrivals in Malaysia ( Tourism Malaysia website.2010 ) A A Decision In amount up, rainforest in Malaysia is good for the environment, civilization, economic system and people s healthy. Rainforests represent a shop of life and take a breathing renewable natural resources that for eons, by virtuousness of their profusion in both carnal and works species, have contributed a wealth of resources for the endurance and wellbeing of world. ( rain-tree, 2010/03/20 ) Therefore people need more public consciousness to protect it and believe out more ways to work out the jobs about nature balance. Ecotourism is most of import portion in people s support. In order to halt pollution, people should cover with it more careful. Appendix ( The chief Parkss in Malaysia )

Pos420 Final Paper Essay Example

Pos420 Final Paper Essay Example Pos420 Final Paper Essay Pos420 Final Paper Essay Unix, Linux, and Windows Server Critique For Kudler Fine Foods POS/420 Unix, Linux, and Windows Server Critique Kudler Fine Foods is an upscale specialty food store located in San Diego California, with 3 locations in La Jolla, Del Mar and Encinitas. Kathy Kudler opened Kudler Fine Foods in June 1998, and grew quickly to open the 3 locations in as little as 5 years. While the mission is to provide the finest products and to assure Kudler is the purveyor of choice for customers aspiring to purchase the finest epicurean delights, the company must have the best possible technology to meet the business needs.The objective is critiquing possible Servers that will improve the protection of data, provide a stable environment to support business, allow transaction monitoring, store sales transactions from POS terminals, backup data, and manage databases. The purpose is to weigh the pros and cons of the different servers, find the one server that will meet the needs of the business, and imple ment the server to the end users. The critique will include security, administration, networking, performance, and programmability.Security When beginning a discussion of computer security, a number of variables come into play. From patch availability to OS popularity, antivirus offerings, user/administrator knowledge and even physical user controls, many elements must be considered to create a computing environment that is secure. While Windows and Linux each have their advantages and disadvantages, neither operating system is, at its core, more or less safe than the other from attacks and data theft.All operating systems have vulnerabilities before they ever ship, and it is up to the administrator of those systems to maintain a level of security that protects the valuable data stored on those servers. Windows and Linux operating systems have a few large advantages and disadvantages that are worth analyzing when considering security. Interestingly enough, the largest advantage is p robably also the largest disadvantage. Windows is the most widely used operating system in the world, so there is a large user community and thousands of employees at Microsoft that work to improve security daily.By the same token, it is also the operating system that is most widely targeted by virus and malware programs that individuals create either to profit or just create general mayhem. Since the Linux user base is much smaller, it is less advantageous for individuals to create viruses and malware for Linux systems, since the impact would be much smaller. Additionally, Linux is a less familiar and more difficult operating system to install and maintain, so the user base for Linux is widely more knowledgeable than that of Windows operating systems.This was exacerbated in previous versions of the Windows OS because user access control was much looser than it is currently. Since the inception of Unix and later Linux, the operating system was predicated on the idea that users shoul d have as limited access directly to the system kernel as possible. (Is Linux Really More Secure Than Windows? , 2011). Another item that is frequently referenced when comparing Windows and Linux security is the configuration of, well, everything. Windows takes the approach of doing as much as is efficient for the user, rather than the user having to do it themselves.Linux forces users to take much more control of any software they install or connections they set up, which adds flexibility but gives birth to a wide array of human error possibilities. There are pros and cons to both of these philosophies, because the Windows approach means the software is probably more secure out of the box, but the Linux software gives users the ability to enhance security in greater detail without having to wait on someone else to develop a security patch. AdministrationThe duty of the administrator is to solve problems that arise when workstations go down and maintain the system to run consistentl y without errors or interruptions. According to Gite the duties of the system administrator are a wide-ranging and vary widely from one organization to another. The administrators not only put out fires but also manage user accounts, password resets, software patches, backup creation, and other various system maintenance tasks (Venezia,  2011). The decision to use any particular server over the other will be based on the business needs.Kudler Foods will need to employ at least one IT employee, and this employee‘s skills will need to be with either the Windows server, or the various flavors of UNIX or Linux. Automating tasks is much easier to do using UNIX and Linux than with the Windows server. UNIX and Linux are both more economical in terms of licensing than the Windows server. Windows servers are able to run batch scripts but are very limited without the available commands that are found in UNIX. Administrators will need to reboot the system only a few times a year while using UNIX or Linux, but will need to reboot the Windows system weekly.All servers have support available, if users are not familiar with servers, then it isn’t necessarily any more difficult to learn one server over another (Jensen, 2007). The recommendation for administration on which server to use for the business depends on the needs of the business and what experience the administrator has with servers. It is recommended in any case that outside tech support is obtained for support that may arise that cannot be maintained by the administrator. Networking Choosing Windows server over Linux has several up and downsides to it. Linux is a freeware, and said to be about 25% faster than windows.Also, the open source software allows for endless possibilities for the IT team. One of the downsides is that a higher level of expertise is needed to keep the environment going. Also, kernel modifications are needed in order to make changes to how things operate. Kernel changes need to be performed perfectly or damage could be done to the entire OS leaving all data inaccessible. Windows may come with license fees but the operating system is pretty fail safe to use, and hard to break. Applications are easier to implement on windows than Linux, as most applications are created for windows use.Access controls are far superior in Windows as well letting the user set access control without having to use software add-ons. Patches are used in both systems however windows patches are all packaged through Microsoft and downloaded with updates, whereas Linux patches are available through open sources as well as commercial providers such as Red Hat (when available). Searching for applications to use with windows are easily found and downloaded. Searching for packages on Linux is much harder and they are sometimes not found (which means having to create them or use a modified version that needs tweaking).Windows server supports standard features such as: The ability to bind multiple network adapters with different media types; this is a great feature to have when using multiple network adaptors, and need them to be used in a certain order. Physical and logical multi-homing; Granting multiple IP addresses access can be a pain, because some may be static and some assigned by DHCP. Sometimes both are not accepted to allow access at the same time. Duplicate IP address detection; Duplicate IP addresses can cause problems locking up one user, and letting the other user have access to areas they should not have access to.Detecting these addresses saves hours of troubleshooting time. Dead gateway detection; Having gateways open and not being used is a security risk that will let outside users gain access to servers. Automatic Path Maximum Transmission Unit discovery; Having to find and set the pathway for certain programs can be a pain using Linux. Having it done automatically can save large amounts of time with multiple programs. Performance enhancements are included such as: Protocol stack tuning; Default window sizes are increased, and new algorithms for high delay and high loss links are included.Round Trip Times as well as timeouts are improved. Number of connections management is improved, and has higher performance. TCP fast recovery and fast re-transmit helping to overcome errors. Windows server has an overall simplistic layout that is a failsafe OS to use. For a smaller company that needs a server for basic use, windows server is the way to go. Using a Linux server will require more expert knowledge to setup and use costing the company the salary of a highly paid employee to manage the server. Basic IT employees can use a windows server to its max, and receive higher levels of tech support if needed.Windows may come with a cost, but it is a fast install that will be ready to go, and use right away. Performance The choice of integrating either a Unix server or a Windows server can be a decision that all comes down to performance. As for Kudler Fine Foods, it will be a decision that will shape the success of a company. There are multiple areas to focus on when looking at system performance. One must take into account system uptime, security impact on performance, hosts accessing the server, database application integration, ability to customize, etc.The different impacts on performance and company expectations help dictate which server to implement into the working environment. The Unix server is vulnerable and has drawbacks just as the Windows server. However, the flaws for the Unix server are less impacting on a company such as Kudler Fine Foods. The Unix server does not provide as many resources for end user support and would require trained and knowledgeable staff that knows the Unix server to operate the system. All features of a Unix server are accessed through the command line and some features are accessed through the Graphical User Interface.The Unix server requires re-boots on a rare occasion such as when system updates occur, application implementation, and application failure. The uptime for a Unix server is generally higher than a windows server. The windows server has more frequent system updates. Updates are common occurrences for the Windows server compared to the Unix server, thus requiring more re-boots for implementation. The server does have an abundant amount of support through Windows, forums, and other organizations.The Windows system does require more re-boots to clear the system out, allow for updates, and address critical software failure. However a system reset every once in a while is not grounds for a final deciding factor on which operating system to implement. Programmability Windows and Linux both come in different â€Å"flavors. † Windows is exclusive to Microsoft but the different versions of Linux come from various companies, including Red Hat, Ubuntu, Xandros, and Knoppix (Tackett amp; Gunter, 1997). Both operating systems have a desktop and s erver version. Both rograms have a GUI and a command line interface. Linux uses fewer resources than Windows and does not suffer from the infamous â€Å"Blue screen of death† faced by many Windows users. Linux is a UNIX based open source operating system designed by programmers scattered around the world. It is capable of operating on a variety of computer platforms (Hart, 2010). Because Linux is an open source program, anyone can access the code to modify or enhance its capabilities to perform a multitude of tasks. The disadvantage to having an open source code is the potential danger of someone deleting vital data.Since Microsoft is proprietary software, this capability is not available in Microsoft’s operating system, reducing the threat to its source code. The original version of the Windows OS was announced in 1982 and shipped in 1985. The Windows NT based OS has been in use since 1993 (Microsoft, 2011). Current versions support direct and sequential access to fil es systems, multiple processors, long descriptive name, task to task communications and synchronization, with increased protection against unauthorized and accidental access or corruption to its files.Several versions support the Windows Application Processing Interface (API) (Hart, 2010). Windows has evolved over the years to a more efficient application with improved graphical capabilities. Current versions of Windows run on a variety of media which include cell phones, handheld devices, laptop PCs and enterprise servers. Both Windows and Linux offer a trial version of their OS but because of its smaller file size, Linux can be run from a CD or flash drive, a feature which Windows can no longer provide.As a supplier of upscale gourmet foods, Kudler’s website uses a variety of graphical designs. The Windows server is a better solution for this company because of its graphical capabilities. Despite Kudler’s consistent growth, the company is committed to keeping its exp enses down and its profit margin up. Linux may seem like a programmer’s dream come true, but the extra expense of hiring a programmer to maintain a Linux environment would be detrimental to the company at this time. Unlike Microsoft’s OS, Linux does not provide an 800 number for support.The company must weigh the benefits of a free open source operating system against the benefits of a paid but supported operating system. Conclusion/ Recommendation Since Linux and Windows both have their individual advantages and drawbacks, a blended solution would meet the needs of the business best. By combining the two operating systems and using them in tandem, Kudler will be able to draw on the strengths of both operating systems to overcome the drawbacks of each. References Jensen, J. (2007). UNIX vs. Windows. Retrieved from networkbits. et Gite, V. (2006). What is the role of the system administrator?. Retrieved from cyberciti. biz/faq/what-is-the-role-of-the-system-administra tor/ Hart, J. M. (2010). Windows system programming. 4th edition. Upper Saddle River, NJ. Addison-Wesley. Microsoft. (2011). A history of windows. Retrieved November 24th from http://windows. microsoft. com/en-US/windows/history Tackett, J. and Gunter, D. (1997). Special edition. Using Linux. 3rd edition. Indianapolis, IN. QUE Corporation. Venezia, P. (2011). The decline and fall of system administration.Retrieved from infoworld. com/d/data-center/the-decline-and-fall-system-administration-375? page=0,1 Capabilities and Functionality. (2011). Retrieved 11/29/11 from http://technet. microsoft. com/en-us/library/cc737697%28WS. 10%29. aspx Is Linux Really More Secure than Windows?. (2011). Retrieved from esecurityplanet. com/trends/article. php/3933491/Is-Linux-Really-More-Secure-than-Windows. htm Windows Server vs. Linux. (2010). Retrieved 11/29/11 from networkworld. com/news/2010/060710-tech-argument-windows-server-linux. html? page=1

What were the major historical causes for the successive waves of Essay

What were the major historical causes for the successive waves of Greek colonization In what ways did Greek colonies impact Greek political institutions and cultural values - Essay Example Moreover, years of military expertise and familiarity with defending the Greek Speaking world from a host of foreign threats came to integrate deeply within an understanding of Greece and its role throughout the region. As can be seen from the situation that is been described, there was not merely one or two factors that encourage to Greece to colonize and otherwise invade the surrounding regions. Instead, a litany of factors coalesced and encouraged the nascent state, as a direct result of its exposure, trade, and subsequent military conquest, that colonization would be an effective means through which a greater level of wealth and regional influence could be exhibited. After the conquest of the first wave of Greek colonization, it became clear that a level of administrative authority, unlike what existed within the Greek states, must be exerted as a means of ensuring that a level of separatism and possible/potential rebellion was not exhibited. Due to the fact that the individuals who were colonized were inherently â€Å"non-Greek† the colonies could not be expected to be administered willingly in the same way that free men within the Greek city states existed. As such, a new form of administration and one that promoted a level of Greek culture, identification, and governance was established within these newly conquered realms. Although it was not a primary interest of the Greek colonizers to instill a level of cultural respect, the institutions and governance structure that was established effectively created a level of Greek culture and respect for it within the institutions that have thus far been described. As with any empire throughout the course of history, the growth and diversity of colonies created a situation in which Greece was forced to expend a great deal of energy, time, and money as a means of administering and ensuring that these colonies continue

Corporate Social Responsibility Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Corporate Social Responsibility - Essay Example George. W. Merck a formal chairman of the company always tried to project his founding father’s mission that the corporation will always â€Å"work for the people and not for profits†. On this regard it can be said, that the company is more deliberate to act with high social responsibility rather than just focusing on profitability or revenues (Trevino & Nelson, 2010). Organization Values of Merck & Corporation In respect of Merck’s company’s mission and vision which is to serve public at all means, profit is not the first priority as the organization is with deeper social grounds at the time of service or operation. As company’s vision is set on high moral grounds, it becomes mandatory for the system of the company to follow the similar track in which social responsibility is on highest node of consideration. In such ethical frame of work, the decision of developing a drug which is specifically for small population is hard to make, as it has to imi tate company’s vision and fit in the interest of internal and external stakeholders (Trevino & Nelson, 2010). It was the period of 1970s when the case of â€Å"River blindness† came on the front to Merck & Corporation. ... ion like Merck’s & Corporation, whose idea is to serve mankind and provide people with effective remedies on such chronic diseases (Trevino & Nelson, 2010). Stakeholder Impact and Interest Merck & Corporation is one of the largest medication providers in the world. It is having a thorough background in serving people genuinely with high effective cures and remedies. The case of river blindness required an ethical decision in which Merck & Corporation was being expected to make a decision in favor of the affected population (Trevino & Nelson, 2010). The case brought attention of stakeholders who were actively part of the organization at that time. Scientists were internal stakeholders who projected their deep interest in researching for the case. This was all in the context of company’s mission and vision, which is to serve public who is facing influence of such chronic disease â€Å"River blindness† (Trevino & Nelson, 2010). Risk in Development of the Drug In the case of River-blindness disease, Merck & Corporation was carrying high amount of risk especially if the company owners look at the profitability aspect (Trevino & Nelson, 2010). If the company goes with its research, it would require high investments plus a lot of time to get with a probable solution. The profit generation is on the lesser side even the investments are hard to recover on the drug as the affected people requiring the drug are located in poor regions, who cannot afford such high profitability ratios for the company (Trevino & Nelson, 2010). The Final Decision In respect of the following risk factors, it is hard to make a decision that whether a company should go or not for developing the drug. If a company decides to proceed with the drug development, it could compromise the principles of

Written Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Written Review - Essay Example On the contrary, an association with increased risk of breast cancer has been discovered. HRT could still be used for post-menopause syndromes. Nevertheless, it should not be used as primary prevention for CVDs and bone density diseases. Women’s health is considered to be one of the most crucial medical topics today. Such is why treatments of post menopausal conditions of women continue to be a topic largely investigated. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is noted to be widely used among the more developed countries (Nelson, 2008). In the United States, about one third of their population of women report to be users of HRT (Sharma, 2003). In this paper, the author aims to present the advantages and disadvantages of HRT. A review of 3 scientific medical journals will be presented and thoroughly appraised for its validity and reliability. The author hopes that by doing such, a clearer understanding of the benefits and risks of HRT will be achieved. According to Sharma (2003), hormone replacement therapy is widely used by women today because of its ability to treat symptoms of menopause and the chronic conditions associated with it. In his paper, Hormone Replacement Therapy in Menopause: Current concerns and considerations (Sharma, 2003), he launched into an in-depth critical analysis of past studies concerning HRT. His methodology involved a highly specific Medline research for papers written and submitted in the years 1997 to 2003. Only those written in the English language and have an abstract readily available were included in his study (Sharma, 2003). The specific key words used for his study involved hormone replacement therapy, estrogen replacement therapy, menopause and hormone replacement. He was also very thorough and set a criterion in which he would only include materials that are original. According to Sharma (2003) the use of HRT has a strong correlated effect on vasomotor symptoms.

Radio Resource Allocation Scheme

Radio Resource Allocation Scheme Intended for the multi-cell OFDMA based downlink network the Problem is to be formulated as an optimal joint resource allocation. Unfortunately, there is no time-efficient algorithm that can optimally solve equation (4.4) and directly finding the optimal solution will be computationally excessive at the point when the quantity of users and PRBs is huge in the all system. Subsequently, a conceivable problematic asset allotment framework proposed in this undertaking work. So as to decrease the multifaceted nature the asset designation plan is partitioned into two stages; radio asset and power allotments. In this segment, First we clarify the advancement of heuristic calculation for coarse ICIC and fine PRB task to accomplish a concentrated radio asset portion in the system. Subsequent to getting the answer for the radio asset assignment is and after that performed power portion in the second step, which will be talked about in the following area. Radio resources allocation scheme consisting of two phase, Phase 1-ICIC Phase 2- Fine PRB assignment. Phase-1 ICIC In the first phase of our proposed radio resource allocation is to develop an ICIC system using a simple but effective graph-based framework., Our objective is to develop chart that reflects real impedance happening in the ongoing system environment. As per the diagram hypothesis, the relating impedance chart is indicated by G=(V,E) where V is a situated of hubs every speaking to a client in the system, and E is a situated of edges uniting clients that can bring about overwhelming shared obstruction when they are assigned the same PRB. To decrease many-sided quality, the obstruction power for edge associations is resolved only by the nearness of clients in the system and topographical area. ie., cell-edge users suffer from severe interference due to the shorter distances to the adjacent BSs. The information for exact SINR measurements is not required at this stage. For building the edge association per pair, we characterize that the edge between user can and b is associated when E(a,b)=1, generally E(a,b)=0 and note that E(a,b)=E(b,a). The interference graph construction consisting of two basic rules they are as follows, Users inside of the same cell are commonly joined The association for any cell edge user is just match insightful set up with other cell-edge user of its dominant inteferering cells. The meaning of prevailing meddling cells is clarified by the previously stated presumption in framework model. Let Dm mean the set containing lists of prevailing meddling cells to cell-edge user m. Thus, an expressive illustration is shown in figure 5.1 given by (a) presents a simple 3-cell network case, where user 1,2,3 and 5 are cell-edge users of each cell and D1={1}, D2=à Ã‚ ¤, D3={3}, D5={1,2}, respectively. Then the corresponding interference graph is constructed. The concept of this graph-based framework is that simultaneous transmission on the same PRB is prohibited for users who are connected by edges, and thus both intra-cell interference and major ICI can be avoided in the network. Fig 5.1: An example of the graph-based framework. (a) 3-cell scenario (b) Interference graph construction. Phase-II Fine PRB Assignment The first phase construction offers the network with a strategic planning for ICIC but the actual PRB allocation has not been done up till now. In the second phase, therefore we will come to a decision how to practically make the PRB assignment in the network given the interference graph. To reduce complexity, a heuristic algorithm is proposed here to perform a fine PRB allocation by taking account of the instantaneous channel quality. As, major ICI is well looked after by the first stage in the second stage we consider simply SNR for ease by removing the interdependency matter of SINR At this stage power is thought to be similarly disseminated over all PRBs as a result of the force allotment will be tended to in next segment. Thus, SNR for m on PRB n is computed by SNRnm=(Pmax/N)g(j-m)/N0, where j is the serving cell of user m. Let Rm be the arrangement of users why should permitted have the same PRB or in another word, the same shading with user m in the system. Then the PRB allocation can be described in Algorithm 1. Note that finding the necessary Rm is also included in this algorithm. As indicated in Algorithm 1, the PRB assignment decision made to a user is resolved by the in a split second accomplished SNR as well as by a weighting element show by wm. The primary capacity of wm is to adjust the PRB distribution between cell-edge and cell-focus users of the system, i.e., higher weighting worth is given to cell-edge users as altogether reason they accomplish much lower SNRs contrasted with those of cell-focus users. Then again, the relative decency is likewise considered by making note of the quantity of PRBs as of now being used and in this way keeps the PRB designation from being selfishly abused by minority users in the system., Therefore, calculation 1 has the capacity perform PRB allotment that proficiently accomplishes a general execution change with great fairness amidst those two sorts of users in the system taking into account the weighted SNR . At that point the PRB designation can be demonstrated in Algorithm 1. As shown in Algorithm 1, the PRB contribute to choice complete to a user is strong-minded not just with the right away achieved SNR other than too with a weighing factor indicated by wm. The first function of wm is to balance the PRB allocation among cell-edge and cell-centre users of the network, i.e., higher weighting value is given to cell-edge users as in general they achieve much lower SNRs compared to those of cell-centre users. Then again, the relative uniformity is additionally considered by making note of the quantity of PRBs officially involved and in this way keeps the PRB assignment from being selfishly abused by minority users in the system. Thus wm can be expressed by wm=w/|Nm|, where Nm is set of PRBs that are before allocated to user m,| ` | is the cardinality of a set (note that |Nm|= 1 if Nm=à Ã‚ ¤), w = we when user m is a cell-edge user, otherwise w=wc and we>wc for return of the relatively low SNR received by cell-edge users. Algorithm 1 is able to perform PRB allocation based on the weighted SNR that effectively achieves an overall performance improvement with good fairness among those two types of users within the network. Therefore, radio resource distribution schemes effectively mitigated major ICI among cell-edge users of the network. On the other hand, cell-centre users are authorized to distribute PRBs by means of all users within the network (except their serving cells) and thereby may interfere with either cell-edge or cell-centre users of the adjacent cells depending on the PRB allocation by Algorithm 1, This interference determination be dealt by way of the following power allocation move towards. Power Allocation Approach Subsequent to completing the PRB assignment, the estimations of all parallel variable aj mn in mathematical statement (4.4) are resolved. Hence, the first issue is diminished to streamlining issue where just transmission power pj mn is considered. Not at all like the radio asset assignment, the power portion is chosen separately in every cell and after that performed BSs in appropriated way. Accordingly, an appropriated force designation methodology is proposed in this segment with significance on execution advancement for cell-edge users. Total Power Distribution: First and foremost we partition the aggregate transmission power of each cell into two sections: aggregate power of cell-edge users and cell-center users. Let Pj E and Pj C indicate the aggregate power distributed to cell-edge users and cell-center users in cell j, individually, and PjE+PjC=Pmax. Note that Pmax is assumed to be same for all BSs in the network. The determinations of PjE and PjC are based on following rules; relatively higher power is given in the direction of cell-edge users within order to balance the experienced large distance dependent path loss; and PjE(PjC) is proportional to the number of PRBs occupied with cell-edge (cell centre) users in cell j therefore, the relationship between PjE and PjC is expressed as shown in below equation (5.1) .. (5.1) Where BjC and BjE denote sets of total PRBs occupied by cell-centre and cell-edge users within cell j, respectively, and a(0 Power Allocation for Cell-Centre Users Keep in mind the issue detailing, the reason for comparison (4.4) is to restrictively expand the execution of cell-edge users and there is no improvement for cell-center users, while security of their execution is expressed as an essential breaking point. Subsequently, we essentially power the power designation to cell-center users by uniformly disseminating the aggregate power of cell-center users among their utilized PRBs as a part of every cell. Let pj(c).mn mean the power assigned to PRB n utilized by cell-center user m in cell j. At that point the neighborhood power assignment for cell-center users can choose by pj(c).mn demonstrated in comparison (5.2) pj(c).mn = PjC/|BjC|, .. (5.2) Note that user m in foreordained from the past PRB designation calculations by accomplishing aj.mn=1. Accordingly, in the accompanying we pass up a great opportunity m from the subscript variables of pj(c). Mn and streamline the expression as pj(c)n. To keep away from perplexity, we evacuate the general user file m from the subscript of all variables in the rest of this task. Power Allocation for cell-edge users Given the stable PRB portion and force designation of cell-center users, the first improvement issue demonstrated in comparison (4.4) turns into a raised capacity of power of cell-edge users and can be deteriorated into J parallel sub-issues, where the ideal power allotment to cell-edge users is understood near to every BS of the system. Note that such sub-issues are characterized as a grouping of comparison (5.3), where just joint obstruction between cell-edge and cell-center users is taken into clarification. Let pj(e)n indicate the force assigned to PRB n utilized by a cell-edge user in cell j. Along these lines, the target of P2 for cell j is communicated as demonstrated in underneath mathematical statement (5.3) .. (5.3) Where hjn (hj*n) indicates the joint channel impact on PRBn in cell j(j*) including the channel gain and path loss fading components presented in (3), i.e., hjn=g(j-m)nL_d(j-m)_ and Sjn is a set of neighbouring cells in the network (i.e., j*_=j,j*Ej), inside which PRB n is used with a cell-centre user at the moment. Above equation (5.3) is subject to the following constraints of the equation (5.4) .. (5.4) Where yj*n is the SINR accomplished by a cell-center user of neighboring cell j* to whom p(e)n is the impedance source on PRB n, and Ɇ¦ is a suitable SINR edge decided to keep up elite of cell-center users in cell j*. The thought of P2 is to utilize power allotment to boost execution of cell-edge users under the imperative that execution of cell-center users is not generally give us. In other words, power allocation to cell-edge users to be conditionally optimized During order not to generate undesirable interference to cell-centre users in the network. In addition, here we take for granted that required information about the power allocation of cell-centre users in adjacent cells in known by each BS, which in fact are achievable in future wireless networks where specified links, such as the X2 interference in LTE, are built to connect BSs for necessary information exchange among them. The Optimal Solution can be derived in below equation (5.5) (5.5) As a barrier-constrained water-filling process the deviation can be also described graphically. By defining 1/Hjn as the base, 1/ln2~ÃŽ » as the water level and 1/ln2~ÃŽ »-Tjn as the barrier. The allocated power is indicated by the area (e.g., 1 and 2) below the water level and above both base and barrier. The allocated power is zero when either the base or barrier is above the water level. In addition, if the barrier (blue dashed line) is completely under the base, the base, the problem turns into a conservative water-fitting process. Fig 5.2: An example of a barrier-constrained water-filling process.     Ã‚   Lastly, the optimal solution of ~ÃŽ » and ~pj(e)n can be obtained by well known sub-gradient method, which can assurance a rapid convergence after a number of iterations. The difficulty of the future power distribution is O(||BjE||) which is self-governing of the number of cells in the network. Also this complexity is less than that of the general optimal power allocation where the complexity is O(N). For example, because the optimal power distribution is only executed intended for cell edge users and normally |BjE|

Catcher in the Rye Essay: The Need for Control -- Catcher Rye Essays

Need for Control in Catcher in the Rye  Ã‚  Ã‚   With his work, The Catcher in the Rye   J. D. Salinger created a literary piece that was completely unique. The entire novel was written from the first person viewpoint of the 17-year-old boy Holden Caulfield. The majority of the story is compiled of Holden's rudimentary monologue of â€Å"complexly simple† thoughts, the rest utilizing his relay of previous dialogue. That, along with the use of unique punctuation, digressing explanations, and complex characterization, transforms the simple plot into a complex literary classic. The novel's dialogue and monologue alike manage to relay the feel of natural speaking such as "I mean you'd be different in some way - I can't explain what I mean." The contractions â€Å"you'd† and â€Å"can't†, since they are common in everyday language, establish a very common and simple tone. Stress on the first syllable of "different" reinforces the tone by demonstrating how typically they speak. He uses dashes for pauses and the sig naling of associative digressions. Instead of for signaling pauses, commas are used only where mechanically required. "So all of a sudden, I ran like a madman across the street - I d*** near got myself killed doing it, if you want to know the truth - and went in this stationary store and bought a pad and pencil." ***CITE THIS???***   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Holden Caulfield creates a thought-provoking point of view. On the surface, many of his thought patterns seem unrelated and stray from the topic. His association of topic with digression is used almost constantly throughout the novel. However, realizing that these digressions are very relevant and even crucial to the topic, he allows the reader to gain true insight into the character. His statements ... ... His being the lone "big" person expresses his desire of being in control. The playing in the rye field next to a crazy cliff would depict the nearness to his fall while being oblivious to the danger. His one wish is to be able to prevent this, to be in control. Then, after establishing his wishes, he considers it impossible by expressing thoughts of it's craziness. He has resolved that he cannot be in control, but it is all he wants. In a world before alternatives to his painful lifestyle, what can Holden do but blindly play the game in the rye field, right beside his cliff of sanity. "But life is a game, boy. Life is a game that one must play by the rules."    Bibliography 3rd edition Psychology (Bernstein-Stewart, Roy, Srull, & Wickens) Houghton Mifflin Company Boston, Massachusetts 1994    NOTES ***YOU MUST CITE ALL THE QUOTES FROM THE NOVEL***